Underground burning of Jharia coal mine (India) and associated surface deformation using InSAR data

The underground burning in the Jharia coal mine (JCM) India is a highly devastating environmental hazard inducing various adverse consequences. In present study, we carried out time series analyses based on Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and land surface temperature (LST) to study risk. First, permanent scatterer (PS) analysis using Sentinel-1 images over three years was performed detect spatio-temporal distribution of ground deformation. Comparison thermal anomaly clearly delineated subsidence spots associated with oxygen supply combustion areas. On contrary, few deformations were mapped showing pronounced uplift up 10 mm/year compared horizontal creeping fire activities. Such deformation patterns have never been observed. We modeled these observations from satellite data as consequence strong pressurized source that induces migration surrounding geological formations. Further, detailed investigations modeling are required mitigate impact hazards fires at different locations JCM.